首要城市主导产业扩散效应研究：基于京津冀城市群的实证

为拟合京津冀城市群中核心城市的扩散与回流效应，利用2005-2019年京津冀城市群8个城市面板数据，构建以北京、天津为单核心或双核心的城市主导产业对外围城市关联产业以及高产值产业的扩散效应模型，分析得出3个结论：①首都对外围城市的回流效应导致外围城市产业发展低端化，并制约首都高端制造业发挥扩散效应；②首都与区域内中小型城市发展差距大，使第二大城市承接发展转移的中介功能得到提高，并通过与首要城市的连结促进承接发展转移的中介城市产业发展；③回流效应影响主导产业向外关联性拓展，导致外围城市产业发展仍需依托聚集经济，相同产业的大量集聚影响产业多样性，制约产业集群发展。基于此，建议通过提升外围城市公共服务与基础设施水平、加速主导产业升级以及强化第二大城市中介功能，提升城市间产业协作水平。     

自由贸易协定原产地规则调整的经济效应评估——以《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则为例

本文使用2011—2019年美国汽车市场数据,测度了1354款车型的需求价格弹性和替代弹性,在识别了原产地规则限制度对合规车型售价影响的基础上,反事实模拟测算了《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则调整的经济效应。研究发现:(1)美国汽车市场上各款车型的需求价格弹性和替代弹性是异质性的;(2)以北美区域价值含量为代理变量的原产地规则与美国汽车市场上合规车型售价呈正向相关关系,与不合规车型售价呈U型关系;(3)《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则限制度的提升,会对需要调整采购决策以继续合规的车型销量产生负向冲击,其他车型受市场替代效应的影响,其销量有所增加;(4)原产地规则调整降低了对北美自由贸易区外汽车中间品的需求,提升了对区内汽车中间品的需求。     

汇率波动、生产网络与股市风险--基于中美贸易摩擦背景的分析北大核心

本文从生产网络视角出发,研究中美贸易摩擦期间汇率变动对中美两国股票市场的直接影响以及由行业间生产联系带来的网络影响。从静态一般均衡模型可推出具有空间自回归(SAR)模型形式的实证模型,其中以行业间投入产出关系作为空间权重矩阵。实证结果发现,中美双边汇率变动对两国股市的影响在贸易摩擦期间均比之前更为显著,人民币贬值导致中国股市收益率下降,其中约50%是由行业间生产联系带来的网络效应,而美元升值导致了美国股市收益率下降,其中约37%是网络效应。关税制裁波及的行业与未波及行业的股票收益率均受汇率变动影响,但后者受到的网络影响更大,且各行业受到的网络影响主要由其下游行业传递。     

Fund ownership,wealth, and risk-taking: Evidence on private equity managers

Private equity (PE) managers are required to invest their own money in the funds they manage. We examine the incentive effects of this ownership on the delegated acquisition decision. A simple model shows that PE managers select less risky firms and use more debt, the higher their ownership. We test these predictions for a sample of Norwegian PE funds, using managers’ wealth to capture their relative risk aversion. As predicted, the target company’s cash-flow risk decreases and leverage increases with the manager’s ownership scaled by wealth. Moreover, the overall portfolio risk decreases with ownership, mitigating widespread concerns about excessive risk-taking.     

The mobility of top earnings,income, and wealth in China: Facts from the 2011–2017 China household finance survey

We document rich facts of the intra-generational mobility of households in the top fractiles of earnings, income, and wealth distributions in China using the panel data of the 2011–2017 China Household Finance Survey. We find high mobility co-exists with high inequalities within various top fractile groups. In specific, persistence rates of the top 1% group implied an inverted-U pattern for top earnings mobility, a declined trend of top income mobility, and an improved trend for top wealth mobility during the study period. Although the overall trends of mobility for top earnings, income, and wealth showed diverse patterns, they are still considered high from global comparisons. Besides, the top 1% households generate significantly more income from business and allocate a higher fraction of their assets to private equity.     

市场分割状态下红筹股回归A股的经济影响

市场分割其实是一种普遍现象。中国A股市场存在一定的泡沫,市场的大起大落以及可供上市的潜在资源相对匮乏,使得红筹股回归成为稳定市场的选择之一。通过对红筹股回归产生的经济效应的分析表明:红筹股回归将增加投资者的投资品种,有助于提升A股投资者的福利水平;由于A股市场普遍溢价于H股市场,红筹股回归的IPO定价可能会高于其原红筹股价格,因而可能存在财富从A股投资者向红筹股投资者转移的现象。